Whither the Euro?

Will the Euro survive? It all depends on how things pan out in Greece. First, it depends on whether Greece will resolve to push through austerity measures to reduce its budget deficits. Or, are the richer members of the Eurozone (23 nations) willing to support the weakest. Then, Greece could default on its debts. The last option would be for Greece to leave the Euro.

Greece has a debt to GDP ratio of 140%. Its total debt is E340 billion. Its unemployment rate is at a record 15%. It is contemplating selling state-owned enterprises to raise money to pare down the debt. The assets under consideration are its telephone company, post office and ports. These sales could potentially raise E50 billion. Asset sales are an attractive way of cleaning up the public balance-sheet without doing anything that further chokes demand.

On May 20th, Fitch cut Greece’s debt rating by another three notches. Greek ten-year bonds are now giving a yield of 16.8 %. At this rate, Greece cannot afford to borrow anew from the market. (Greece needs funds to redeem its maturing bonds.) So, it will have to depend on the stronger partners for handouts. But the stronger members like Germany and France will face revolt at home if public fund is used to bail out other nations. As such, this is unlikely to happen.

So is default inevitable? A default by Greece would make investors shun Greek debt and make it hard for the country to borrow. A more palatable option would be for the creditors to grant an extension on the maturity of their bonds i.e. roll over their bonds when they fall due. That would keep Greece away from the market for a while. Also, it would give Greece a reduction of 20 to 25% on the present value of their debt. That is tantamount to the creditors taking a haircut on their Greek debt.

What about Greece leaving the Eurozone? Leaving would allow it to inflate its economy, devalue its currency and maintain competitiveness. However, the disadvantages are that it would expand its debt burden, provoke capital flight, cause turmoil across Europe’s banks and endanger its membership of the EU. That would bring more misery to its people. It would be on its own. So, Greece would probably not leave the Euro and the Euro would probably survive.